The Importance Of Integrity And Integrity, Courage, And...

Introduction Dees highlights several crucial concepts regarding resilient leadership in Chapters 3 and 4. The quality of leadership largely determines the overall upward or downward direction of a company. A resilient leader has the ability to influence people to willingly put forth effort to achieve a goal, which is at the core of being a leader. The most effective leaders recognize how to influence subordinates while moving forward with an effective plan that will benefit all involved. The three most important concepts from Chapter 3 and 4 are integrity, courage, and wisdom. Group Consensus Integrity Integrity is an essential character quality that defines an effective leader. Integrity is a unifying element; it means more than telling the truth. Integrity is concerned with right and wrong, and adherence to a set of values (Satterlee, 2013, p. 7). In that, integrity speaks on the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles – moral uprightness. A resilient leader should hold steady to their morals when faced with an ethical dilemma. â€Å"Leader integrity matters because it plays a significant role in the decision process used by followers when determining who they will follow, who they will trust, to whom they will be loyal and committed, and ultimately for whom they will perform† (Moorman Grover, 2009, p.107). A leader’s integrity goes beyond their personal character make-up, subordinates will feel a sense of connection to a leader who acts withShow MoreRelatedLeadership, An Organization, And A Christian World View986 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Robert F. Dees the author of Resilient Leaders focused the chapters three and four on the core quality character traits (integrity and courage), and the highly sought quality of wisdom. Within this week studies the examination of how the above concepts affect organizations were of main importance, as the discussion progressed there is evidence that a Christian world view was used to better explain these concepts. This particular discussion post is designed to reflect the commonRead MoreThe Importance Of Good Leadership : An Organization And Responsible Decision Making1190 Words   |  5 PagesFigure 1: Components of the Character of Good Leadership (Source: Peterson Seligman, 2004) Importance of Good Character Leaders with good character are vital for build organizations that are socially responsible. Character also plays important role in determining the ethical management of an organization and responsible decision making. A leader with good character can touch the hearts of workforce (Peterson Seligman, 2004). On the other hand, the leaders lacking good character generate chaosRead MoreQualities Of A Leader And How Leaders Produce Good Outcomes1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe three most important concepts in Chapters 3 and 4 are courage, decision-making, and wisdom. Each topic contributes its own skills that strengthen a leader’s ability to lead others. Both integrity and courage are a high qualities of character that are essential to excellent leadership over time and are essential to being a resilient leader (Dees, 2013). In order to make guided decisions both integrity and courage are attributes of a resilient leader. This group discussion board will summarizeRead MoreThe Early Phases Of A Collaborative Group1314 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of the team dynamic. A group set in this type of structure will provide an outlet to encourage, empower, model skill development from one participant to another throughout the team’s involvement together. Group Consensus Integrity Integrity is met with right action, consideration of speech to others, and honorable behavior as witnessed by all followers, this type of behavior reflects for others the ways that an individual can practice following in the footsteps of Christ. RetiredRead MoreSun Tzu : A Legacy Leader1337 Words   |  6 Pagesof a competent commander: courage, wisdom, sincerity, humanity, and strictness. Each quality can be easily paired with one of the Five Essential Characteristics of the Army Profession. Military Expertise and Wisdom ADRP 1 defines military expertise as the Army’s â€Å"ethical application of land power†. It states that the Army’s first task under Military Expertise is to continually develop expert knowledge (HQDA, 2013, p. 3-3). Military Expertise is closely related to wisdom; and according to Sun TzuRead MoreA Sit Down Conversion With My Company Officer1219 Words   |  5 PagesIn a sit down conversion with my company officer, we discussed the importance of the competing tensions and loyalties presented in the case study. As junior officers in the Navy or Marine Corps team, we are going to be responsible for and expected to upkeep equipment that could range up into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. To be responsible for that equipment would mean that it is my divisions, and ultimately my own, responsibility to maintain and upkeep that equipment in the finest conditionRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1211 Words   |  5 Pageslives, and Lt. Cross must be come capable of setting aside his own personal mind-set and align his thoughts with that of the essential standard operating procedures (SOP). Lt Cross eventually decides to follow the SOP, and he finally understands the importance of having an SOP; sadly it comes at the expense of one of his own men. The SOP has allowed Army personal to their job with no reluctance, no matter the situation, quickly being able to adapting to change, always acting in the approved manner byRead MoreEpic Heroism Is Epitomized By The Anglo Saxon Warrior1487 Words   |  6 Pagesunmatched by others. Beyond his brawny, unyielding exterior, there exists a compilation of equally mighty virtues that endure and motivate him throughout his life. Beowulf is compelled by loyalty, lineage and honor. He is also motivated by bravery, courage and confidence. Remarkably, it is his boastfulness and pride that may ultimately be a fatal, tragic flaw for this compelling warrior. Indeed, Beowulf’s greatness p hysically, spiritually and morally make him the ultimate epic hero. A hero is calledRead MoreEssay for Being Late.1799 Words   |  8 PagesPunctuality shows that you are responsible, trustworthy and can follow directions. Punctuality isnt just an order that the Army requires, but also a good personal trait that is a reflection of a person’s character, it shows that you have personal integrity and self-discipline. While some of us are occasionally late due to circumstances beyond our control, habitual tardiness shows a lack of respect for other people and their time. If someone is late continually that shows that they more then likelyRead MoreQualities Of A Hero By Phillip Zimbardo1010 Words   |  5 Pageshero is as an individual or a network of people that take action on behalf of others in need, or in defense of integrity or a moral cause. Heroes take risks and help others without the expectation of material gain. Heroes are people whom we admire or look up to. They are viewed as role models. Heroes’ qualities are having courage, willingness to sacrifice, humility, and wisdom. Courage is the first thing that comes in into mind when talking about heroes. It’s difficult to achieve anything truly

Ancient Indian Civilization - 6134 Words

ANCIENT INDIAN CIVILIZATION INTRODUCTION In the 1920s, a huge discovery in South Asia proved that Egypt and Mesopotamia were not the only early civilizations. In the vast Indus River plains (located in what is today Pakistan and western India), under layers of land and mounds of dirt, archaeologists discovered the remains of a 4,600 year-old city. A thriving, urban civilization had existed at the same time as Egyptian and Mesopotamian states — in an area twice each of their sizes. The Indian civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. It is known as the Sindhu civilization or the Indus Valley civilization or the Aryan civilization. Sometimes it is also referred to as the Vedic civilization. The Aryans†¦show more content†¦CLIMATE Climate was an ingredient in early Indian civilizations for several reasons. Monsoons, winds that mark the seasons, are one of the most immediate. The first monsoon of the season blows from North to Northeast periodically during November through March. Little rain is present during this monsoon, however what precipitation does fall, it falls on the Northern slope of the Himilayas. During mid-June through October a second monsoon indicates the Wet Season - a.k.a. - the southwest monsoon. Following the southwest monsoon, heavy rains fall in its wake (however sparse rainfall falls on the Western Ghats, the heaviest rainfull occours over the Ganges Valley and the Eastern Himilayan Mountains). The timing of these winds is critical; too little or too late rainfall results in an unsuccessful harvest, yet too much or an extended period of rainfall causes flooding along the country side. Temperatures also play a significant role in how Indians settled the land in anchient times. The ideal are a - the Deccan plateau - had mild temperatures in the summer opposed to the blistering heat of the Western Ghats and valleys which could climb up to one-hundred twenty degrees farenheit. The annual rainfall in the Indus region varies between 5 and 20 inches (125 to 500 millimeters). Except for the mountainous section of Pakistan, the Indus valley lies in the driest part of the subcontinent. Northwestern windsShow MoreRelatedAncient Indi The Ancient Indian Civilization1369 Words   |  6 PagesKevin Maxim Mr. Ball 8th Grade Social Studies E Block 6 November 2015 Ancient India The ancient Indians were highly influenced by the Ganges river, in fact that was one of the reasons they stayed around so long. This river gave them fertile soil, and also played a big role in their religious practices. The ancient Indian civilization lasted from 3300 BC to 1500 BC. (Kokila) Ancient India had very broad social pyramid requirements and the classes were servants, farmers, warriors and king, and theRead MoreCompare And Contrast Ancient Egypt And India745 Words   |  3 Pagesa soldier in each of these civilizations, who will survive, you or him? What will you use to make sure it is you? Will it be a cudgel from Ancient Egypt or maybe a throwing stick? Maybe it will be a bow and arrow from Ancient India or a sword made with Damascus steel. In the next paragraphs I will introduce you to the weapons used during battle in Ancient Egypt and Ancient India. I will show you the similarities and the differences between the two ancient civilizations and which one had better wea ponsRead MoreScientific and Mathematical Contributions of Ancient Greece, China, and India1112 Words   |  4 Pagesmathematical skills and theories from ancient civilizations. Ancient Greece is often known for its strong advancements in philosophy. Ancient China is most well known for its inventions. The Ancient Indian civilization is usually not viewed as an important society in ancient history because they kept very few written records. Most people dont know just how important Ancient India actually was in history. The scientific and mathematical contributions of Ancient Greece, China, and India have all hadRead MoreEssay on Compare/Contrast China and India896 Words   |  4 PagesChina and India China and India were both very advanced ancient civilizations. Both agricultural based civilizations made various technological advances. Although China and India shared many similarities, they had differences such as the social system, politics, and the importance of trade in the economy. The hierarchy of ancient China and India were similar with a noticeable sign of select individuals being considered â€Å"higher† then others. The caste system was strict in India and prohibited otherRead MoreGeography Of The Indian Subcontinent871 Words   |  4 Pages Geography of the Indian subcontinent influenced the development of civilization there greatly, because of how diverse India is. The geography of the Indian subcontinent had a big affect not only with the development of civilization, but on economics, religion and social order as well. The Indian subcontinent is diverse in many ways, such as the array of languages, as well as the reputation of being a â€Å"cradle of religion† which created two of the world’s major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism(p.Read MoreCompare and Contrast Ancient India and Egypt Combined Politics and Religion628 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast ancient India and Egypt combined politics and religion Through history, religion has shaped civilizations in several aspects. In ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations it was very strong shaping force in political structures, but both the religious beliefs and the resulting political system were different, just like pharaohs were different from rajas. The way Egyptians and Indians blended religion with politics bears certain similarities. First of all, the central role ofRead MoreRole of Youth in Enriching and Conserving Your Cultural Heritage1661 Words   |  7 PagesThough it has been subjected to a series of cultural invasions, yet it has retained its originality and traditional character even after absorbing the best of the external influences. India is the cradle of one of the earliest civilizations of the world – the Indus Valley Civilization. Essay And Article On : Our Cultural Heritage !! Cultural Heritage India is rich in spiritual aspect and we should not fall prey to the ill-effects of western culture. For thinking minds to blossom for arts and sciencesRead MoreComparing Ancient India And Persia1420 Words   |  6 PagesComparing and Analyzing the Architecture in Ancient India and Persia In ancient civilizations, architecture was fundamental to revealing certain aspects of a culture, such as its leaders and their communication with the citizens. Rulers that controlled society utilized temples and buildings to express their power and communicate with their subjects. Cultures were able to express their abilities through architecture, along with their beliefs and the functionality of their society. Architecture allowedRead MoreRiver Valley Civilizations Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesAncient river valley civilizations are one of the earliest societies in the world. The rises of these ancient river valley civilizations started the first cradle of civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, and Ancient China are the earliest civilizations that were successful enough to make enough food for everybody. Every one of these civilizations had three things in common: they all had a special relationship with the river, they created their own writingRead MoreUniversal Cultural Values Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues shared by many ancient civilizations. While at first glance, western culture as represented in the movie, V for Vendetta, may seem drastically different from those of ancient societies, many underlying philosophical similarities do emerge deep down. Even though modern westerners enjoy enhanced lives due to technology, medicine, and education, they share many similar values and cultural beliefs with the societies of Ancient India, Rome, and China. The civilizations of Ancient India and the Modern

Homeless o Harvard Free Essays

Homeless to Harvard This movie is about a little girl,Liz Murray who transformed her life. She became homeless by the times she was 1 5. Her parents were both drug-addicted,and her mother was also an alcoholic. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeless o Harvard or any similar topic only for you Order Now But she became the top of her school and finally got in to Harvard,one of the greatest universities in the world. As for me,my family is a typical middle-class family I have every reason to fight ,to be someone great,but yet I have every reason to not to I can still live comfortable anyway . But everyday I aka up in the morning and I feel like I am struggling in a way that not everybody can see. I feel like I have so many visions for my future and I want to accomplish them so badly,but there’s always a noise in my head that keeps telling me that the things I need to do can wait till later. Everyone knows that we can’t keep telling ourselves later,but we Just kept doing it. I had many great experiences,l know what it feels like being far beyond excellent ,and being top of the class. I know how It feels of trying my aridest,but in the same time I know how it feels being like a loser,l know how it feels like,when everyone In the room is Judging you. With all the experiences I had,there are far more than Just two sides of me what are fighting. I can’t divide myself Into simply two sides,the good side of me and the bad side of me. The choices I make are not always Just alternative. After seeing this movie I know that I can’t keep talking to myself about past and spend all my days regretting. I have myself and I have to look forward. ‘ can’t keep pushing away taking, stepping Into my life In the biggest sense. People say that look Into your failure so that the next time you won’t do the same,but we can’t always look for blames and keep asking ourselves why didn’t It work out. We should step forward and move on,tell ourselves that nothing happened In the past counts. We should ask ourselves what next and be up for It,we are only responsible for what will happen and what Is happening. I realized that I don’t have to be stuck In this situation I’m In. I am going to figure out what’s holding me back,and unblock let. That’s what this movie taught me, my life Isn’t later. It Is now. How to cite Homeless o Harvard, Papers

Information Systems Project Management for Time - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Systems Project Management for Time. Answer: Introduction The application of the appropriate concept and techniques of project management allows in the schematic and systematic development and progress of any undertaken project. Burke (2013) claimed that use of project management concepts helps in standard management and completion of the project within allocated budget, time and scope. In this report, the project for the development of information system has been considered for evaluation. Ten major concepts of project management have been considered for evaluating their applicability in the information system management. Further, the report aims at reflecting the practical application of the theories and concept within a project. Project Integration Management Larson and Gray (2013) have illustrated project integration management as process and plan used for ensuring the proper coordination and management of different activities within the project. In the process of project integration the activities and work required for the project are identified, defined and coordinated. Schwalbe (2015) showed that project integration management plan induces the seven significant process including project charter, management plan, execution planning, control plan, change plan and closure plan. In the information system management the application of project charter helps in evaluation the required scope, deliverables, and requirement of the information system. The implementation process including the planning, executing and monitoring are defined in the integration management plan. Project Scope Management According to Fleming and Koppelman (2016), the use of scope management helps in the identification of the detailed work and activities for the successful completion of a project. In the information system management plan, the identification of the required scope helps the project manager to evaluate the details of work and activities that needs to be done. Surveys and direct interview session with the project clients allows in defining the requirements, scope and expectation of the customer from the information system. The application of the work Breakdown Structure helped in providing the visualization and breakdown of the work and activities required for the information system management. Project Time Management Leach (2014) showed that successful delivery of every project is constrained by allowed time by the client. The project time management has been defined as procedure for efficiency managing the project scope and budget within the given time. In the information system management, scheduling of the activities has been done for easy management and control of the activities identified in the scope management plan. For the information system, the activities have been identified and the duration for completion has been estimated for allocating the resources. The use of activity sequence has allowed in determining the estimation of effort and duration for the completion. Project Cost Management Boud, Cohen and Sampson (2014) showed that the project cost management deals with the control and planning of the budget allocated for any project. An iterative approach has been considered for developing and updating the estimation of baseline and cost. During the cost management plan, funding, financing, budgeting and estimation of the cost required for the activities of information system management have been done. In addition to that, the concept of bottom up approach has been used for evaluating the cost requirement of the activities from the lower level. Further, regular determination of cost benefit analysis and payback period provided efficient procedure for monitoring and controlling the cost. Project Quality Management Quality for a project is specified by various criteria often included in SMART (Specific,Measurable,Attainable,Realistic, andTimely)objectives. The use of quality management plan deals with the identification of requires standard and characteristics that needs to be achieved for successful completion of the project. In the information system management, cost benefit analysis has been used for determining the scope baseline. Furthermore, Kaizen theory has been used for providing small improvement within the project for providing consistency in quality. In addition to that for controlling and monitoring the work flow and quality, pareto chart, histogram and fish bone diagram has been utilized. Project Human Resource Management The project team associated with any project for completion and integration are considered as one of the significant resources. Mir and Pinnington (2014) illustrated that one employees can work in more than one activity simultaneously for completion. In this project, the responsibility and allocation of the human resources with different activities has been done with the use of Microsoft Project Software. In order to define and elaborate the responsibility, RAM (Responsibility Assignment Matrix) has been applied. Moreover, a detailed communication plan has been developed for identifying the appropriate path for sharing relevant information. Project Communications Management Stakeholders associated with project can be both internal and external. In order to ensure the proper flow of information and facts a detailed communication plan needs to be developed. For the information system management project, a communication plan has been developed for identifying the appropriate path, time and reason for communication between the team members. Stakeholder register has been used for analyzing the communication requirement and communication tools. The application of communication plan allowed the project manager in defining and controlling the human resources and project activities. Project Risk Management The application of proper risk management plan helps in increasing the probability and impact of positive risks associated with the project (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). The use of risk management allows in evaluating the opportunities through the avoidance of risks. For the information system management project, the various risks associated have been identified. Further, risks assessment matrix has been used for prioritizing ad evaluating the associated risks on the basis of impact and frequency of occurrence. In order to mitigate the risks associated, detailed risk mitigation plan has been developed highlighting the risk mitigation strategies and continuous monitoring. Project Procurement Management Procurement of various activities within a project defines outsourcing of the work from external contractors (Kerzner, 2017). The process of procurement management includes the managing and administration of the control and contracts developed for the procurement process. Information system management includes the procurement identification, control and selection of appropriate contractor for outsourcing the work. Bidder conferences have been conducted and the eligibility of the contractors has been evaluated based on evaluation technique. For managing the contracts, regular audit, inspection and documentation has been made. Project Stakeholder Management Phillips (2013) defined stakeholders as the group of people who are either directly or indirectly impacted by the development of the project. The expectation and decision of the stakeholders significantly impacts the progress and success of project. In information system management, the stakeholder register has been used for identification and analyzing the impact of the stakeholders on the project process. In this project, stakeholder management plan has been utilized for managing conflict, promoting activities, communication and engagement in the project. In addition to that, change request plan and issue log has been used for managing the engagement of the stakeholder in the project. Conclusion The application of the various concept of project management during the development of information system management provided proper monitoring and management of the project completion. In addition to that, the use of different project management concept and techniques has allowed the project team to efficiently manage the progress and work flow for the information system. References Boud, D., Cohen, R., Sampson, J. (Eds.). (2014).Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Kerzner, H. (2017).Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), 202-217. Phillips, J. (2013).PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

20 Argumentative Essay Topics on Air Pollution

20 Argumentative Essay Topics on Air Pollution Most forms of atmospheric pollution are harmful to human health as well as the environment at both urban and rural areas and this is because the activities that lead to pollutants being released into the air are carried out in both areas. The regions most affected by air pollution are nations in the developed and developing world such as China, India and Bulgaria.   Industrialized nations such as the United Kingdom, Germany and the US also struggle with air pollution problems mostly as a result of human activity. Statistics show that if the Earth continues to burn fossil fuels in large quantities as we currently do, approximately 6million people will die yearly as a result of air pollution. Therefore, a true discussion on the effects of air pollution and how to reduce them is important for the future. Educating yourself as well as the public on air pollution is one way to counter these effects and essay writing is a step in the right direction. This means that a task on writing an argumentative air pollution essay must be taken seriously. Therefore, this article shall be providing 20 essay topics students can utilize as headlines for writing and talking about air pollution. 20 air pollution essay topics: Air Pollutants and Their Harmful Effects Analyzing the Components in Air Pollutants How Do Human Activities Create Air Pollutants Nature and the Role it Plays in Air Pollution The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution to Human Health Analyzing the Negative Effects of Air Pollution on the Ecosystem The Economic and Financial Toil of Air Pollution on Developed Economies The Cost of Mitigating Air Pollution Air Pollution in the Developing World: A Growing Concern Tackling Air Pollution and its Effects in Urban Communities Decimating the Effects of Fossil Fuel Burning on Human Health Making a Case for the Diesel Engine, the Leading Cause of Air Pollution Air Pollution at Home: The Emerging Threat The Effects of Burning Fossil Fuels in Domestic Enclaves Air Pollution and its Effect on the Human Mental State Understanding How Air Pollution Creates Attention Deficit Problems in Kids Developing Policies to Counter the Effects of Air Pollution The Importance of Educating the Public on Air Pollution Air Pollution and its Impact on Public Health The Association between Air Pollution and Global Warming Now that you have chosen a topic for your air pollution essay, the next step is learning more about the make-up of an argumentative essay, and doing the research needed to come up with important facts for your arguments. Our learning materials include one providing 10 argumentative essay facts on air pollution as well as tips on writing a platinum tier argumentative essay on air pollution. Lastly, a sample argumentative essay will be written using one of the topics above to help you start with drafting yours. Sample Argumentative Essay: How Human Activities Create More Air Pollutants Since the beginning of human existence, man has continuously produced waste and has applied dubious means to dispose of this waste. But when industrialization came with a set of new effective ways to manufacture mass products and drastically increased the amount of waste man produced, the lack of understanding of its effect on the environment has led to dire consequences. Therefore, this essay will discuss how human activities have been more involved in polluting the air than natural disasters with the use of case studies to make my points. Although natural disasters such as hurricanes and volcanoes preceded the discovery of fossil fuels by man, the indiscriminate use of these fuels has done more damage to the entire earth’s population than all natural disasters combined. Statistics from the UK’s Environment Audit Committee stated that the burning of diesel and fossil fuel emits approximately 46% of carbon monoxide and 42% nitrogen oxide into the air. These emissions were in part responsible for the great smog in London which caused approximately 8,000 deaths in 1957. A study on this calamity found that cold weather was responsible for reduced visibility but gas emissions from burnt fossil fuels were the primary cause of the recorded fatalities. The case of human’s polluting the air to our detriment is also similar in the United States. Using California as the example, human activities related to the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, factories and power plants. A majority of California’s 33 million residents are guilty of this due to the use of vehicles that burn fossil fuels. Sadly, this pollution has been attributed to 5,000 deaths yearly in the State. Asia is not left out either, the industrial growth in China and India has led to deadly consequences for its citizens. A study conducted on the level of air pollution in Beijing found that the city’s populace produced enough gas emissions to travel as high as the Central Valley in the US. The fall-out of this pollution is the approximately 250,000 deaths on a yearly basis as well as other disease such as the Beijing cough attributed to China’s polluted air. In conclusion, the human pursuit of economic gains with no regards of how economic activities and our luxurious life style affect the environment has led to disaster to both the ecosystem and the standard of living we experience. And if not curtailed, the year 2050 will witness an unprecedented death rate of 6million humans due to health related problems caused by air pollution. This means that the responsibility of protecting our future and the lives of those unborn from the devastating effects of air pollution is in our capable hands. Here we come to the end of our air pollution essay covering the topic of human role in producing air pollutants. For further reading do not hesitate to read up on the 10 argumentative essay facts on air pollution and its follow-up on writing a platinum tier argumentative essay on air pollution. References: Han, X. Naeher, L. (2006). A Review of Traffic-related Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Studies in the Developing World. Environment International, 32(1), pp.106-120. Thurston, G. (2007). Air Pollution, Human Health, Climate Change and You. Thorax, 62(9), pp.748-749. Pope, C. (2000). Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Whos at Risk?. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, p.713. Selgrade, M. (2000). Air Pollution and Respiratory Disease: Extrapolating from Animal Models to Human Health Effects. Immunopharmacology, 48(3), pp.319-324. Rive, N. (2010). Climate Policy in Western Europe and Avoided Costs of Air Pollution Control. Economic Modelling, 27(1), pp.103-115. Gonzalez, G. (2005). The Politics of Air Pollution. Albany: State University of New York Press. Grigg, J. (2011). Air Pollution and Childrens Respiratory Health Gaps in the Global Evidence. Clinical Experimental Allergy, 41(8), pp.1072-1075.

Cloning Essays (437 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics

Cloning Essays (437 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Genetics Cloning Cloning Today During my interview with my grandmother I asked her what she thought of cloning. she responded by saying that it was not right and should be stopped. on the other hand i have a different opinion. I think that cloning should be continued and furhter researched for we might be able to have different organs and substances produced in these clones. Below is the step that were taken to clone the adult sheep named Dolly. Part 1: An Improbable Goal Scientists hoped that cloning healthy, mature sheep, rather than just creating lambs from embryonic cells, could produce a highly specialized sheep with large quantities of proteins in its milk. The proteins are believed to help treat diseases such as emphysema, hemophylia and cystic fibrosis. Part 2: The Perfect Timing For years, scientists could not synchronize the growth of the egg and the cell. If one was off- synch, abnormal chromosomes would soon transform in the nucleus and thereby kill off the embryo. Dr. Wilmut achieved near perfection in the timing by putting the cells into hybernation; of the 277 eggs they began with, 247 lived through the process. Timing the growth in other species, however, has proved to scientists that cloning mature animals is extremely difficult; in the case of mice, they've concluded it can't be accomplished. Part 3: Jump-start from a Jolt Though it has become a standard procedure in cloning, scientists are not sure why an electric pulse sent to the two cells causes them to meld together and activates development in the egg. They are learning, however, the shock doesn't fully mimic the activation process of a sperm, which could explain why just 29 of the remaining 247 cells live longer than six days. Part 4: Surrogate Motherhood Despite the fact that the newly formed embryo is transplanted into the uterus of another ewe, scientists believe Dolly is a nearly exact carbon-copy of her genetic originating mother. In theory, that means an almost exact look-alike of John F. Kennedy Jr. could be produced by taking cells from his skin, melding their nuclei with any woman's egg that has had its nucleus removed and then planting the embryo in a surrogate mother. Part 5: A 6-Year-Old in 7 Months? Scientists are eagerly watching Dolly to see if she exhibits the characteristics of her mother, a 6-year-old sheep, or those of her own age, just 7 months. As animals and humans age, changes occur in their DNA - such as decreasing fertility and increasing susceptibility to cancer and other diseases. If she prematurely ages, clones of mature animals would be useless to the agriculture industry.

Four Paired Stocks Worth Watching This Week Essay

Four Paired Stocks Worth Watching This Week - Essay Example However, at least three things mitigate this news. One is that the FDA is not compelled to heed the advice of its panels. Two is that pronouncements by spokespersons of the FDA point out that the recent panel recommendation summarized above is not likely to have an impact on existing applications for drug approval. This means that the applications for approval. Three, consensus wisdom from insiders is that at any rate, the two companies already have in their possession a wealth of existing, prior to approval clinical data on human trials involving measuring the impact of their respective medications on strokes and heart ailments, and can comply with the recommendations of the FDA panel if necessary, without resorting to new, pre-approval clinical trials. All these taken together means that while on the surface, the FDA panel recommendation seems to be somewhat of a drag on the approval train for Vivus and Arena, the reality, especially with the announcements of the FDA spokespersons hinting that the approval processes have a slim chance of being derailed, is that both companies are probably in for a rosy future as far as the approval process is concerned, at least at the moment. Indeed, in reaction to the news on the recommendation of the FDA panel, the stock prices of both Vivus and Arena rose (Edney and Larkin; The Fly on the Wall). This joint rise in the stock price underscores market perception and underlying market and research dynamics that couple the two stocks and make of the two a stock pair worth watching. Moreover, the two are locked in a tight race for billing and for first-mover, as well as for the corollary financial rewards, to get to market with their respective medications for obesity. It is interesting, looking at the stock price charts over the last six months, how in recent weeks the fate of the two stocks seem to have coupled even more tightly. Vivus shares spiked fifty percent in early February of 2012, and has plateaued at a level of arou nd US 20 dollars a share. Following this trend, Arena shares spiked 50 percent in early March, plateauing so far at around US 3 dollars a share. It is interesting to see how further milestones and market development for the two firms will reflect on their respective share prices (Edney and Larkin; The Fly on the Wall; Google Finance (a); Google Finance (b)). The market is on a keen lookout for key approval milestones for the two competing medications from the two firms. The drug Qnexa by Vivus seems to be ahead of the pack, with positive news coming from an FDA panel on February 22 of this year which weighed risks against benefits and found that the drug's risks were dimmed by its benefits. The FDA may or may not heed that panel finding, and at any rate come up with a decision on Qnexa by April 17 of this year. Lorcaserin, which was developed by Arena, is set for an FDA panel scrutiny by May 10. The FDA will then, by the 27th of June of this year, make its decision on the latter dru g. The consensus is that positive news for Qnexa/Vivus ought to translate to positive news for lorcaserin/Arena,

Culture awarness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture awarness - Essay Example The course was designed according to what the students wanted and needed. The students wanted to learn about the cultures of certain countries and specifically, the way business is conducted in these countries (Vollmer, Alnuaimi and Macku 3). A flaw in our needs assessment design was our failure to determine the student’s level of awareness. We failed to ask questions concerning much they already knew about the cultures of the different countries. In hindsight, we forgone general awareness questions because we gave the students the choice of which countries they would like to learn about. Doing this made it difficult to assess any prior knowledge of the countries the students may have had. Another flaw within our course was we realized in hindsight more emphasis could have been given to the industries that have the greatest potential in the country. We now realize we could have been more industry specific within our presentation since most of the students communicated their concerns about jobs and business. Information about how to perform during business meetings within the different countries was included in the course because the survey results indicated the students agreed upon the importance of learning about different cultures in light of the recent globalization of the business world. Dining etiquette and dress codes were also included within the course because of unanimous agreement within our group that both topics are extremely significant to a country’s culture and therefore should be included within cultural awareness training. Based on research evidence, students realize the need for cultural awareness especially with the trend of business moving towards globalization. Students agreed that they will need the necessary skills to be able to prepare for expatriatism. Two-thirds of the students, deem it important to be aware of the different cultures of the world because they will need that knowledge and skill base for their future jobs. The

WHY DO FOOLS (HUMANS) FALL IN LOVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WHY DO FOOLS (HUMANS) FALL IN LOVE - Essay Example They have studied human’s brain and chemical reaction, emotional reactions and social interaction, values and morals which can influence the process of falling in love. They single out that people fall in love because of sexual attractiveness, idealization of an object of love, instinct, desire to give birth, appearance. (thesis) Based on personal experience and experience of other people (friends, movie heroes, literary characters), it is possible to say that falling in love is influenced by a set of reasons outside humans’ wish or control which lead to a strong positive affecting impact on emotions of a person. (thesis) The main causes of falling in love include sexual attractiveness, image of an ideal person, and desire to give birth (instinct). Sexual attractiveness is the major cause why people fall in love. It is not all about thrusting and ejaculating. In humans it gives rise to a complex package of feelings and thoughts that fools label love. Our brains have evolved to feel pleasure in sexual bonding and discomfort at separation. It is brought about by an even more elaborate than usual interplay of hormones. Scientists have a good idea of the substances associated with the various stages of falling in love, but it is not yet known precisely which brain areas each of them activates. The feelings of sexual euphoria associated with early stages of love. The drive to make love comes from testosterone. The image of an ideal person (appearance, personal qualities, values, etc) causes fools to fall ion love. The meaning of an ideal is different for every person, because it depends on their past experience. Since the sensory activity is washed away and only the construction is saved, the only knowledge that each of us has is what we construct within our own brains. Fools cannot know the world by inserting objects into their brains. In this case, love comes from

Effective Leadership and Teamwork in Nursing

Effective Leadership and Teamwork in Nursing Effective leadership and teamwork in nursing, with particular reference to psychiatric (mental health) nursing, within the context of professional practice and client (patient) perspectives As part of the campaign to deliver effective health and social care, the Government’s modernisation agenda focuses on strengthening nursing leadership and developing inter-professional teamwork. It is proposed that having good quality clinical leadership skills among all health professionals is perceived as vital to the provision of high-quality, effective patient-centred care, as well as for the development and future of the National Health Service (NHS) (Department of Health (DOH), 2000, pp59-71). Nurse leadership has developed significantly over the past decade and now nurses can become nurse consultants, nurse practitioners, and modern matrons or run nurse-led units. It is debated that high calibre nurse leadership can produce more motivated and effectual staff, reduce the risk of errors in drug management, decrease staff turnover and rates of sickness, result in fewer patient complaints and most importantly improve patient care (Williams et al, 2001, pp1-3). This essay wi ll critically analyse effective leadership and teamwork in nursing, especially within a mental health nursing context, with respect to professional practice and patient perspectives. As mentioned leadership skills have for a long time been acknowledged as a solution to the provision of good health care. In order to achieve first-rate health care, healthcare personnel especially senior nurses must be able to effectively lead teams, particularly across professional, clinical and organisational boundaries (Taylor, 2007, p30). Two of the key roles of a lead nurse or senior nurse manager are that of supporting staff and overseeing nursing in the provision of patient care (Castledine, 2004, p119). It is proposed that meeting staff needs improves satisfaction, productivity and efficiency and it is debated that productivity is now an important concept within health and social care sectors. It is suggested that productivity within the healthcare industry is defined by the quality of patient care. Arguably, productivity is not exclusively dependent upon how hard and well individuals work, but about meeting staff needs and support from leaders and colleagues (Moiden, 2003, p19). Debatably, where team leaders or managers are concerned about the needs and objectives of their staff, and are aware of the social and physical conditions that affect their working environments, productivity and efficiency will improve. It is possibly that a lack of working environments that support staff affects the quality of care for patients. It is suggested that it is vital that the nurse manager has leadership skills that allow a team to work together effectively (Moiden, 2003, p19). Nurse leaders sho uld be seen frequently by those they lead as high visibility could ensure that support is obtainable when most needed. Similarly, nurse leaders must ensure that staff skills are used in such a way that patients’ obtain the greatest benefit from their abilities. This can be achieved by the nurse leaders enabling others to act and giving positive responses to work-related performance. This will facilitate motivation, increasing job satisfaction and promoting better patient care (Clegg, 2000), p44). Within a psychiatric nursing environment whether it is in the community or in a mental health unit teamwork is imperative for both the staff and the service users. In the field of psychiatric nursing, nurses work as a team with other professionals such as psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, occupational therapists and social workers. Therefore, responsibility for the service users is shared across the whole multi-disciplinary team and each service user relates to several team members (Williams, 2005, p39). Arguably, the team approach to patient care within mental health nursing has advantages in terms of reducing dependency on team members, and reducing levels of burnout. It is debated that teamwork is vital in order to provide a safe and therapeutic environment that respects the service user’s dignity while promoting independence and preparation for life in society. The team approach can be supportive and creative but it is not without its problems (Machin, 1998, p17). Onyett et al (1997) studied a sample of four hundred and forty-five team members across various disciplines working in fifty-seven Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs). Emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment, depersonalisation, job satisfaction and sick leave was examined in relation to the perceived clarity of the role of the team, personal role clarity, identification with ones profession and the team, caseload size, composition and the frequency with which users were seen. Excessive emotional exhaustion was reported, predominantly among consultant psychiatrists, social workers, nurses and psychologists. High job satisfaction, high individual achievement and â€Å"low depersonalisation† were also found. Job satisfaction was associated with â€Å"team role clarity† and identification with the team. Caseload size, assemblage and the frequency with which service users were seen were not associated with job satisfaction or burnout. Important disparities were f ound between disciplines on all variables except sick leave. Therefore, on the evidence presented it could be argued that team membership has different implications for different disciplines. Debatably, greater attention is needed to the composition, training and leadership of CMHTs rather than hope that the disciplines will spontaneously work effectively together. It is important to note that the research used here of evidence of effectiveness of teamwork has various limitations. Firstly, the small sample size makes it not viable to relate the findings to all CMHTs in the United Kingdom. Secondly, the questions asked in the study might be seen to be leading questions and this makes the study unreliable. Thirdly, this study does not take into account the personal views of the members of the team. The individual views on the effectiveness of multi-disciplinary teamwork from the nurses, occupational therapists and social workers could make this research more valid as relationships and issues of skill mix between the disciplines could have been explored within the context of patient care. Teamwork appears to be more effective in enabling first-class patient care within hospital based mental health units. Flockhart and Moore (2002, p96) assessed the effectiveness of teamwork on patient care at the psychiatric intensive care unit that is part of the Maudsley NHS Trust in South London. The unit admits some of the most challenging patients who cannot be safely managed on general wards. Many patients suffer from paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder and can be violent or aggressive, suicidal, harming themselves or be abusing various substances. Patients are only admitted on the unit for clinical reasons, not for safety. The main ethos of the unit is to help the service users achieve their maximum level of functioning so that they can be cared for with the fewest possible restrictions. It is important therefore that in this unit and in others like it in the United Kingdom the nurses need to be good team workers and be able to deal with issues calmly. Patient involvement and collaborative working has been addressed by joint care planning with the family and other key disciplines such as social workers, probation officers and various psychiatric and psychology therapists and this had led to rapid improvements in patients’ mental state and behaviour. The collaborative teamwork that focuses on the patients’ safety has improved team communication and effectiveness. Arguably, this particular unit has an efficient team that has empowered and enabled the staff to provide the best and most effective care for the service users. This is because the team is organised, supported and valued by each of the other members and the skill mix is ideal for improving patients’ mental health. It is also important to note that this unit has one dedicated team leader or co-ordinator that provides a consistent approach that meets all the needs of the service users and staff. Routine physical proximity appears to contribute to constructive working relationships and this has been illustrated by the effective interprofessional working relationships observed in this unit. Debatably, in contrast, within a community setting each discipline will have its own team leader or manager and this might lead to inconsistencies, differences and confusion in policy and decision making. In reviewing the literature for this essay the author would like to propose the following recommendations. Debatably, more evidence based research is needed on how effective leadership leads to enhanced practice and improved patient care, especially within mental health nursing. There appears to be some literature on the effectiveness of teamwork within the mental nursing profession. Arguably, this is because the provisions needed by mental health service users are wide and varied and historically multi-disciplinary teams have always been the solution to providing care and support for service users whether that care was deemed to be of good quality or of inferior quality. However, there is room for more evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of teamwork within mental health nursing. Similarly, it is suggested that there is a need for more evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of teamwork in nursing in general. Correspondingly, there is little or no evidence-based lit erature that expounds service user’s perspectives about how efficient teamwork improves their care. From the evidence presented it can be said that many factors lead to better team performance and arguably, one of the most significant is that of team leadership. Good quality leadership skills are the solution to enabling teams to provide high quality effective patient care. Effective team leadership improves satisfaction among team members and patients and improves productivity. In order to be effective as a leader the team leader must be visible and approachable. Team working within a hospital setting is generally more effective in delivering good quality patient care than that often achieved within a community setting where multi-disciplinary teams are involved. The stress on team members in CMHTs is related to the standard of leadership as well as the composition and training of the team. Experience in the Maudsley NHS Trust illustrates the importance of good team working and leadership in determining the quality of outcomes for patients. Evidence in the literature studied is pr esented from the perspective of staff in healthcare teams while there is little or no evidence of the views of service users on the subjects of leadership and teamwork. References Castledine, G (2004) Nursing leadership must keep its roots in nursing, British Journal of Nursing, 12, 2, 119. Clegg, A (2000) Leadership: improving the quality of patient care, Nursing Standard, 14, 30, 43-45. Department of Health (2000) The NHS Plan. A Plan for Investment. A Plan for Reform. London, HMSO. Flockhart, G and Moore, S (2002) Teamwork is the key, Nursing Standard, 17, 3, 96. Machin, T (1998) Teamwork in community mental health, British Journal of Community Nursing, 3, 1, 17-24. Moiden, N (2003) A framework for leadership, Nursing Management, 9, 10, 19-23. Onyett, S, Pillinger, T and Muijen, M (1997) Job satisfaction and burnout among members of community mental health teams, Journal of Mental Health, 6, 1, 56-66. Taylor, V (2007) Leadership for service improvement, Nursing Management, 13, 9, 30-35. Williams, T, Taylor, S and Petts, S (2001) Assessing leadership development training, Nursing Times, 97, 42, 1-3, www.nursingtimes.net, date accessed 11/02/2007. Williams, C (2005) Assertive outreach: the team approach, Mental Health Practice, 9, 2, 38-40.

Philosophy of Education- Written from a Teachers Perspective :: Philosophy Education

A person’s philosophy of education shapes what one thinks about education, how one delivers what he thinks and why one thinks the way he does about education. My experience as a teacher and guidance officer has led one to think about education and develop a philosophy that centers on the learner. I believe that education is preparing the learner for life and not just life – but a well-balanced, well-adjusted life. I also believe that students should be able to cope with and deal with life’s challenges, they must have a purpose to life, a code for right and wrong, a passion to fight against injustices and at the same time appreciate beauty, the aesthetics and traditions. In my view, a philosophy that is known or unknown to the to the teacher influences teaching styles and method. I have never really given serious thought about philosophy at education during my career until this moment. In retrospect, I would have taught my students to be disciplined in all aspects of life. I have used as a theme, ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you’ because I believe in fairness and justice. My students have also learned too to discover, to experiment to be a team player and to realise they can think for themselves and make informed choices. As a guidance officer, I have helped students to understand that life is beautiful, but there are also so many challenges to which they have the inner resources to handle. I constantly explain to my students that their life must be balanced – it should include a little of everything. My philosophy assessment results in some ways reflect my beliefs about education. I had very close scores in three of the educational philosophies (Perennialism - 17; Progressivism – 17; Reconstructionism – 18). This is rather interesting because I like the traditional way of doing some things, for example, telling stories to children. Added to this, some things like good manners never change and yet I welcome the modern constructivist way of teaching and learning. Students should be exposed to diversity and reconstruct what ideas they would have had on certain issues. A very simplified example is that all over the world, rice is consumed; it would be preposterous to think that the only way to eat rice is with a fork or spoon. The students that interact with others and experience other cultures would have a balanced life.

Technology and Culture

There is no denying to the fact that changes occur in life as the world develops in its technology. Traditions and customs, culture of each and every race in Malaysia get a setback in this case. An attempt to keep them alive is a controversial matter and become debatable as we are somehow ‘modernized’ by the West. It is somehow painful and sad to see traditions and customs dying as we all humans have intense emotional bond with cultures and traditions but the stark reality have to be accepted that the world is a stage of flux and change.There are several reasons to why our traditions and customs are abandoned. Firstly, the advancement in telecommunication has influenced our minds to choose between cultures to which one that are convenient. We tend to look for and turn to the way as well as the one that is more convenient and are accessible. It is human nature for youths especially to adapt to changes faster. For instance, the existence of the social network called Facebo ok that enables us to connect with people from all walks of life by just typing a person’s name without actually knowing the person well.On festive seasons, we, young people need not going around visiting relatives and friends as well as going back to our respective hometowns anymore, we just wish them and greet them through the social network and phone them. Somehow, the tradition of visiting relatives and friends during festive seasons soon will be a history of life. Furthermore, the technology has moved people’s interest to play traditional games to modern and virtual games. Many youths nowadays are often categorize as the visual people.They often spend their time going to cybercafà © or at home playing computer games to the wee hours. If you ask them about traditional games they would just stare blankly at you because they as well as children nowadays only know how to swipe on the gadgets that theirs parents have. Probably, they are somehow called ‘heliophob ia’ which means a person who is fear of sunlight as most of our traditional games are played outdoors. Traditional games have now been ruled over by virtual games and have now been an ‘old-fashioned’ in youngsters mind.Moreover, the technology has equipped us with more knowledge and we become more open-minded and more rational in thinking. If we would like to know more about more information on a certain thing or events, we could just click on the mouse and search information from the internet as search engines provides us with much information. Referring to books and newspaper have been sort of ‘out-dated’ thing. On the other hand, we can now learn cultural dance through the advance video technology, YouTube.We no longer take the first step to actually ask our mentor or the cultural dance performer or instructor to train us to dance correctly. Even now, the cultural dance is called cultural cum modern dance in the video website. The younger generati on eventually become more open-minded as they think what they are doing is ‘cool’ and fashion has overpowered traditional wears in certain ethnics. All in all, advancements in technology surely have caused traditions and culture to get a setback.The government as well as the responsible authorities should organize campaigns and take action so that the young will know the legacy that our ancestors have practiced and passed on to us. Perhaps, a cultural dance such as lion dance, fan dance, ‘bharatanatyam’ being performed on occasions will get younger generation to know their culture better. They will then pass on to the next generation. It is never too late to teach them on culture and traditions, which is a legacy to leave behind when we are gone leaving a great impact on the next generation.

NAFTAs Deceit essays

NAFTAs Deceit essays On January 1, 1994, Canada, Mexico and the United States passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Promoted to Congress by the Clinton administration, with the assurance that it would give rise to more jobs - exactly how many though, is not precisely known. Yet, according to the Journal of Commerce, the U.S. went from having a $5.5 billion trade surplus with Mexico before NAFTA, to having a massive $16 billion trade deficit today. At the same time, it is estimated that 400,000 Americans have lost manufacturing jobs because of NAFTA within the treaty's first three years, that's about the same number of jobs which have been created in the Mexican maquiladoras. Instead of sharing of the wealth and profit, one might think that there has been a big transfer of wealth from north to south of the border and that Mexican laborers have profited at the expense and torment of their American counterparts. The reality is that working conditions, wage, health and safety standards in Mexico have deteriorated. One American employee for a steering-wheel plan made approximately $10.46 per hour, compared to his Mexican counterpart, who makes about $0.75 per hour. Within the agreement, it stated "...the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States and the government of the United States of America resolved to establish a free trade area." In addition, NAFTA also determined to: Strengthen the special bonds of friendship and cooperation among the nations; Contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade and provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation; Create an expanded and secure market for the goods and services produced in their territories; Establish clear and mutually beneficial rules governing their trade; Create new employment opportunities, improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories; &...

Palazzo Ruccelai essays

Palazzo Ruccelai essays The Palazzo Ruccelai was one of the first works by Leon Battista Alberti. He was an Italian architect, architectural theorist, and universal genius. Albert was the most important early Renaissance architect after Filippo Brunelleschi (Gympel, 44). The "Palazzo" originated in Florence. The monumental private building is derived from "palatium." This Latin word comes from the Roman hill which Emperor Augustus and his successors lived. During the 13th and 14th centuries, many of Italian towns were destroyed during the power struggles. This explains why the exterior of the Early Renaissance palaces were dark, defensive, raw and uninvited (Gympel, 44). Construction on the Palazzo Ruccelai began somewhere between 1455 and 1460. Leon Batista Alberti designed the original Palace to have five bays, the center being where the door was located. Later on, two more bays were added by someone else (class notes 1/19/00). There are three stories on this building. Each story is equal in height and rustication is uniform. This "evenness" is what gives the Renaissance its name. Most buildings made at this time have similar attributes. Each story has its own column capital to it. The ground floor has the Tucson order, the middle floor has Alberti's own design, and the top floor has the Corinthian order. I thought in Leon Battista Alberti's treaty, The Ten Books of Architecture, I would find out what each of the column capitals meant to him, but all I could find is dimension requirements for each order. The Colosseum has similarities with the Palazzo Ruccelai also. I believe some of Alberti's ideas came from at least the columns. It has a similar placement of the columns. They both have the Tucson order on the ground story, and the Corinthian on the top story. Where the Palazzo Ruccelai has the composite though, the Colosseum has the Ionic (Kostof 207). I wish I could find what was on the inside of this building. This could ...

Palliative Care in Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Palliative Care in Cancer - Essay Example Palliative health care services for children in the UK are both organized and delivered differently than adult palliative care in oncology (Price, McNeilly, & McFarlane, 2005). Palliative care will usually begin initially at the diagnosis of an incurable disease and continue throughout one’s life (Shaw, 2011). Palliative care will usually involve a multidisciplinary team approach and coordinators will manage and assist with symptoms and pain management along with the other aspects of medical care along with other basic needs such as financing, transportation, medical equipment, respite services for caregivers, counseling and of course easy transition to hospice services should this become necessary. Frequently palliative care is understood or thought to limit opinions available to families and patients rather than helping them to utilize the optimum clinical knowledge and tools available. Rationale 'Oncology Nurses' Personal Understandings about Palliative Care' The rationale for a literature review in palliative care in oncology is heavily supported by the number of new cases expected to be reported yearly; in 2009 alone 1,479,350 cases were expected in the United States (Mahon, and McAuley, 2010, p142). The ultimate goals of cancer treatment fall directly in line for those in palliative care; minimizing effects and alleviating the burdens of this disease. Advances in oncology treatment now means people are living longer with the disease and longer life spans with the disease previously often meant a reduced quality of life; living with the burden of pain, mental anguish and disabilities. Palliative care is now understood to be very distinct from that of hospice care and should be available to patients independent of the prognosis and diagnosis. Cancer patients live with significant burdens and because complex decisions are usual for cancer patients palliative care should be available commonly and routinely to cancer patients. It has become the standard of care for patients with cancer and serious illnesses. Though deficits remain with oncology there are two trends that heavily influence the oncologist’s nurse’s perceptions about palliative care. Many oncology nurses find it difficult to distinguish between palliative care and hospice care and oncology nurses have the unusual opportunity for being trendsetters in oncology palliative care because of the fact that each cancer patient is a good candidate for palliative care. Analysis of Available Literature on Palliative Care in Oncology 'Oncology Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Roles and Professional Attributes in Palliative Care' Few research studies have explored the perspectives of nursing roles in palliative care (Pavlish & Ceronsky, 2009). Most research is focused on gaining insights about end of life care. Nursing support in palliative care was found to have six dimensions; connecting, valuing, empowering, doing for, assisting in finding meaning, and ensuring the preservation of the patient’s integrity. Nursing responsibilities in the same study were described as providing comfort, responding during the death scene, enhancing personal growth, reacting to anger, enhancing the quality of life during dying, responding to colleagues and responding and interacting with the family in a supportive and professional manner. It was discovered that many nurses felt the most important aspect in palliative ca

Consumer decision making process on muller rice Essay

Consumer decision making process on muller rice - Essay Example The source of the competitive advantage is in the name of the company and the ability to price its products in a competitive manner. The main challenge that it faces is the increased competition from the other producers. Its opportunity is in the increased awareness in people about the food that they take. The marketing objectives of the company are to penetrate the market and attain the most market share possible. The company also aims at cementing its position in the global arena. The growth strategies that the company can use include the introduction of new products such as new flavours. The company may also expand its cream division since this will be able to utilize the excesses in the capacity (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). The understanding of the customer decision making is important for the company since this is the approach that the company will use to come up with new products. The targeting can be made in such a way that it focuses on the individual needs of the different classes of people (Pride and Ferrell,

Special topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special topics - Essay Example While trying to maintain a balance with justice by providing food and medicine sources, peacekeeping and justice cannot work together in these instances. Bratt writes, â€Å"Although we may find that peace can exist without justice, there will never be justice without peace.† Through his extensive list of examples, Bratt proves this point. Justice is entirely dependent on the creation of peace in a state at war and cannot be executed correctly without peace. Bratt calls upon numerous examples to demonstrate his point. For example, the issue with picking a side to punish in the aftermath of war often encourages groups to keep fighting. The side that is punished is the result of a loss, not necessarily the group that committed the most atrocities. This also brings new challenges to justice seeking missions because supplying food, water, medicine, and even arms only perpetuates the desire to fight. Also, the image of imperialism can be seen through peacekeeping missions, especially with the presence of the Permanent Five many of which were once colonizers of areas with internal strife. Peacekeeping then takes on a whole new image and convolutes the issue between justice and peace even more. Bratt’s argument is convincing even though it advocates administering justice after peace. The question of preserving human life cannot be answered solely through the search for justice, but must be supported by a pact of peace between warring fa ctions within a country. The NIEO or New International Economic Organization was a product of the Second World War and the United Nations first attempt to address the issue of world economic inequality. The General Assembly convened in order to study the world economic problems especially the role of wealthier countries in the development or underdevelopment of smaller and economically inferior nations. The western world’s preoccupation with oil was a deciding force in the change of ideology behind the

Educational Coaches Essay Example for Free

Educational Coaches Essay Educational or instructional coaches – also called â€Å"master teachers† – in elementary and secondary education are facilitators who train other teachers to improve instructional practices and generate higher levels of student achievement (Buly et al, 2004). Specifically, they are trained to serve as support for schools and districts experiencing â€Å"market failure;† i. e. , that have large numbers of students unable to meet state and federal achievement standards (Buly et al, 2004). This document is written as an outline to provide qualitative and quantitative evidence (in economic and real terms) that justifies educational managers (elementary, middle and high school principals, superintendents and school board members) utilizing educational/instructional coaches to achieve the following goals: (1) improving aggregate output through schools’ and districts’ overall level of student achievement on state- and/or federally-mandated testing, and (2) improving micro-level behavior through resource allocation, individual classroom management, implementation of learning strategies and instruction of subject matter. The following is a summary of the main points of this document: †¢ Discussion of what educational/instructional coaches are and their estimated microeconomic impact on students’ and teachers’ performances †¢ Discussion of district and schools’ economic costs and factors including fiscal policy, funding sources, overall output and the impact of budgetary decisions such as hiring educational/instructional coaches †¢ An econometric case study: regression analysis of schools in Duval County Public Schools in Jacksonville, Florida that utilize educational/instructional coaches Definition The field of education, unlike some markets, is not perfectly competitive. Individual buyers (students) and sellers (teachers) do have the ability to significantly influence the cost and quality of education. Consequently, educators continuously strive to make the educational marketplace more efficient and productive; i. e. , they search for methods and tools that improve the process of and environment for learning and address the diverse and changing needs of teachers and students. Unfortunately, the field of education is constrained by limits, and the equitable and efficient distribution of income (state and federal funding) and other resources (teachers) remains an issue that managers (educational administrators such as superintendents, school board members and principals) must address annually. In 1989, an educational organization called the National Center on Education and the Economy (NCEE) developed America’s Choice, a school design model based on high quality instructional materials, technical support and professional development for teachers (NCEE, 2009). Educational/instructional coaches are a central component of America’s Choice (NCEE, 2009). The goal of this paper is to determine whether or not educational managers are making the most fiscally responsible decision when hiring educational/instructional coaches to meet district- and school-based needs. While educational/instructional coaches are an often-used solution in some school districts, managers have other alternatives available to provide support to teachers and students in the classroom. These options utilize different methods of resource allocation. One alternative to â€Å"classroom coaching† is making capital improvements. An example of a capital improvement is upgrading a district’s and/or school’s technological infrastructure. This would involve purchasing computers and/or networks with more memory and larger capacities for data storage and manipulation, increasing the value and useful life of a district’s or school’s technological infrastructure. This could also involve purchasing software such as web-based educational tools for both students and teachers to use. Another option is additional training for teachers through in-service workshops (training provided during the school day) or additional education courses (college and/or university level). A third alternative is realignment of the student-teacher ratio based on aggregate demand; i. e. , the total demand (number of students) for goods (teachers/classes) and services (instruction) in the educational market (classroom). A fourth alternative is awarding financial bonuses to teachers with high or greatly improved student achievement rates. Educational/Instructional Coaches: Their Economic Costs and Factors When evaluating the benefits of using educational/instructional coaches, educational managers must ask themselves, â€Å"What are the accounting and opportunity costs of this decision? † In other words, managers need to determine expenses like salary, benefits, health insurance for the educational/instructional coaches; they also must construct the benefits of other educational options. According to payscale. com, a global, online compensation database, the average salary for K-12 public school teachers in the United States is $42,000 annually for a nine-month school year (Payscale, Inc. , 2009). Educational coaches are often at the top tier for teachers’ salaries and make on average $52,000 each year (Payscale, Inc. , 2009). Thus, the opportunity cost of hiring an educational coach at a school is, on average, $52,000 annually. An educational manager have an additional $52,000 (plus the cost of insurance and benefits) within his/her budget to invest in computer hardware, software, training for existing teachers, or actually hiring a new teacher (thereby reducing the teacher/student ratio). If a school principal hired more than one educational coach – many schools have one for every major academic discipline – the costs would be even greater. Across a school district, the aggregate costs would be much larger. For example, Duval County Public Schools is a school district in Jacksonville, Florida, has 160 schools, and uses America’s Choice, employing educational coaches at all 160 schools (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). At the very least, Duval County Public Schools’ accounting cost for hiring 160 educational coaches would be (on average) approximately 8. 32 million dollars annually, not including benefits and insurance. While educational managers must consider costs, they must also contend with economic factors. There are a wide range of economic factors that affect educational managers’ ability to hire educational coaches. Some of the most important are federal and state government policies, school district management, taxation, and student achievement levels. Before educational managers can make hiring decisions, school districts must meet state and federal approval through accreditation (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). Accreditation is the process by which â€Å"an official body gives authority to something when recognized standards are met† (Lindberg, Ed. , 2004, p. 8). The governing body for public schools in the southern part of the United States is the Southern Association for Colleges and Schools (SACS). In October 2008, SACS awarded Duval County Public Schools full accreditation, which indicates the district complied with meeting state and federal standards for student achievement (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). Schools must be accredited to hire new staff. Thus, the accreditation process was necessary before educational managers could hire educational coaches. Another factor affecting the hiring process is district management. Before principals can finalize hiring any new educators, including educational coaches, the new hires must be approved by the school board (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). The school board is â€Å"a local authority responsible for the provision and maintenance of schools† (Lindberg, Ed. , 2004, p. 1220). In Duval County Public Schools, for example, the school board must vote on whether or not they approve principals hiring educational coaches. Another factor affecting the hiring of educational coaches is funding. Funding for school districts is a fiscal policy issue and comes from a combination of local, state and federal sources (Howell Miller, 1997). Local funding is generally financed by property taxes (Howell Miller, 1997). State financing is generally through sales taxation (Howell Miller, 1997). Both local and state taxation are affected by state policy decisions and voting decisions of the population (Howell Miller, 1997). For example, a governor may issue a proposition to reduce property taxes across a state. If the population votes to accept the tax reduction, the funds available to make hiring decisions are reduced. While federal monies are financed through national income tax, these come to schools and schools districts via an assortment of federally mandated programs, often for at-risk student populations (U. S. Department of Education, 2007). For example, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is the most recent federal education legislation. Enacted in 2001, NCLB is an initiative of former U. S. President George W. Bush and it authorizes the distribution of educational grants for low-income students, textbooks, professional development for educators and more (U. S. Department of Education, 2007). Often a school’s student population determines how much and if that school can receive federal funding (U. S. Department of Education, 2007) Thus, government policy decisions at the local, state and federal levels affect educational managers’ decisions to hire educational coaches. A final factor that determines whether or not educational managers hire educational coaches is actual student achievement. If a school has a significant number of students not meeting state and federal achievement standards, educational managers seek solutions through options like educational coaches. For example, in Duval County Public Schools, William M. Raines High School has a student population characterized by low-incomes and low test scores (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). The school district also contains Stanton High School, rated

Wal-marts foreign entry

Wal-marts foreign entry WAL-MARTS FOREIGN ENTRY IN GLOBAL MARKETS The phenomenon of globalization has determined many firms to spread out to overseas markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the firms strategies for new market entry and the major issues they need to deal with while entering into new foreign markets and Wal-Mart is utilized as an example. During this expansion, some firms succeeded and some failed also. Wal-Marts entry into the foreign market and its operations in the China and U.K where it was successful are examined and it can be inferred that the cultural differences and the political influences play a vital role in selecting entry mode and setting operational strategies. Also, In order to understand the failure in German retail market amongst many, the following influential factors will be considered that Germany has different culture and consumer behaviour, oligopoly market environment, unfavorable legislation and influential labour union. Additionally, this entry and exit of Wal-mart affected, inevitably, other countries and most of the competitors in many aspects. In the domestic market of U.S, Wal-Mart has a considerable success. Since Wal-Mart began international operations in Mexico in 1991, it has violently expanded foreign investments all over the world, including Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Far East. Wal-Mart expanded its international operations such as in the United Kingdom, South America and China where its going highly successful, whereas in South Korea and German markets its operations were unsuccessful and it was forced to pull out of these markets mainly due to sustained losses in an incompatible culture and highly competitive market. However, Wal-mart failed to position itself when trying to penetrate the German retail market through replicating its US strategies. Initially, firms should have a clear purpose for expanding overseas. Firms tend to go international for many different reasons, for example, firms may be interested in structuring a global brand image, the home market may be saturated, external initiatives to spread the product, or grabbing more market share etc. Prior to entering a particular foreign market, firms need to look upon the consumer purchasing power, market size, entry barriers, political stability and cultural and language differences. Culture plays an essential role in shaping whether a firm can last in a foreign market. Consumers in different cultures may have different attitudes toward the same product and may value things differently. Therefore, international managers should take into account the cultural factor carefully in decision-making. Furthermore, Psychic distance also requires being carefully addressed in the market selection stage. Psychic distance is defined as factors precluding or disturbing the flows of information between firms and markets in terms of differences in culture, language, political systems, levels of industrial development, etc (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Theoretically, firms have a tendency to penetrate the psychically close market to moderate risk. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart) is the worlds biggest American retail corporation in the world. Wal-Mart is a company which is renowned for its influence on US government. Wal-Mart has a friendly legislature and government policy in accordance to its company policies and method which indeed helps them to achieve goal such as limiting port security, the elimination of the estate tax, restricting tariff protections and obtaining lucrative subsidies. According to survey Wal-Mart has received 1.2 billion from US government in form of subsidies, grants and fund. Following are few examples that shows how US government helped Wal-Mart in US: More Than $1 Billion from tax-payer funded Subsidies. A May 2004 report analyzed how more than $1 billion from over 244 taxpayer-funded subsidies status, general grants and job training/recruiting funds is received by Wal-Mart. Millions To broaden the Street to its Headquarters. In2005, to broaden Eighth Street in Bentonville which goes to Wal-Marts corporate headquarters, a federal highway bill was signed by President Bush of $35 million. Employing Teens in Unsafe Conditions. An agreement was signed by the Wal-Mart with the Departments Wage and Hours Division about future child labor conditions that the teens aged 16 and 17 are prohibited to participate in activities Negotiating for Weak Enforcement. The conduct of an audit by the (OIG) of the child labor found an agreement among Wal-Mart and the Department of Labor that prove serious collapses in the WHD [Department of Labors Wage and Hour Division] process for approving, developing and negotiating such agreements. These consequences in the WHD gave substantial concessions to Wal-Mart, while entering into an agreement. In the early 1990s, Wal-Mart was enforced to expand its business into the new foreign market due to critical U.S market conditions. Firstly, In the US it faced market saturation. Wal-Mart comes up with 200 new stores each year and this fast expansion results in the short distance between its old stores and new stores. Further, the retail price difference between Wal-Mart and its key competitors has been lessened so consumers had little incentive to go to Wal-Mart. Therefore, rather than summing up the market share from its competitors, the new stores in fact gained the market share from its old stores. Finally, the progress in demand was declining because of the decreasing family sizes in the U.S. (Kim 2008) . Taking into account, all these factors, the international expansion appears as a prior strategy for Wal-Mart to promote its business growth. Wal-Mart initiated to expand internationally in 1991 with the creation of a joint venture with Citra, S.A. de C.V, Mexicos largest retailer. According to the Wal-Mart they promote its growth internationally because â€Å"We need to be the growth of Wal-Mart some day when the United States slows down† (as cited in Molin, 2004). The company feels the international market as a alternate when there was limited growth in the US. After creating a joint venture in 1991, Wal-Mart came out as a large international player and within one and half decade it expanded its operations in globally in many countries. Wal-Mart did not use single strategy to enter in different countries. They decide on the basis of the business, competitive and economic environments that exist in. Wal-Mart made its presence in local markets by first considering the uniqueness of each market, and then by altering its business model to suit that market. After choosing the country like China, the management makes the decision after analyzing the environment that seemed to be positive in China. The China is a country with a history of tremendous level of 1.3 billion population. In China , the governments liberalization initiative and its open policy increased disposable income of consumers because of limited competition offered by similar business models its high constant economic growth and. The retail sale in China is $1.2 trillion in 2007 and the growth of market is expected $ 2.4 trillion by 2020, which indicates that there is a big opportunity for the company. These factors attracted the Wal-Mart company to research and make their presence in China. In 1996,Wal-Mart entered China and it grew slowly. Some people pointed out on its slow growth, but according to me, the strategy of slow growth helps the Company to examine the environment in a completely different culture with regard to US. Wal-Mart had taken up those merchandising and store designs that suits the Chinese consumer requirements best. The company also tries to adopt the local culture and sourced the products from local manufactures who are familiar with the local taste of the people. Company also met the government trade and business guidelines, by adopting such type of the environment it helped the company to grow and launch its expansion plans in China. Wal-Mart is getting involved in the local community such as by participating in CSR- corporate social responsibility .It is also participating in the society by donating the funds and providing the kind support of $ 8 million over the past 13 years. All such awards achieved by the company itself show its achievement in China. Another issue that contributed to Wal-Marts success in China, was labour unionization. At first, Wal-Mart was reluctant to support the idea of unionization, but the constant efforts of All-China Federation of Trade Union led to formation of union amongst Wal-Mart employees, which has contributed positively to its success. Currently, Wal-Mart carries on 7,873 stores worldwide in 15 countries among which 3,615 stores in the foreign countries and remaining in the US. Moreover its international segment gives 24.6% of the companys total revenue in 2009 fiscal year. (Global Market Direct, 2009) However, even with such enhanced international sales, Wal-Marts international division is still far away from its one-third of total sales goal, which it was essentially expected to achieve by 2005. (1999 Annual Report) If we analyze Wal-Marts international business, we will find out a mixed story. It had substantial success in Canada, China, Mexico and the United Kingdom, but it was unsuccessful to place itself in Germany and South Korea. Wal-Mart was leading retailer and employer in US for last decade. There were more than 5000 stores in US itself. This made easier for the firm in structuring a good brand image in spite of offering cheap products. Due to its knowledge, low pricing, strategic resources, geographical presence, strategic investment, product differentiation and managerial excellence, the firm constantly had an upper edge on its competitors and generally drives them out of the business. Further reasons for Wal-Marts success was its elite relations with bureaucrats and government. Government policies usually were in harmony to Wal-Mart business and strategies. Wal-Mart had many weaknesses and pit holes also despite of being worlds no. 1 company. Wal-Mart was always criticized for poor labour practices by labour unions. In US the average salary per hour is $ 13 where as in Wal-Mart the lowest salary rate is US$ 9 per hour. Employees have prolonged working hours around ten hours a day. Further Wal-Mart is charged for adopting the tax avoidance schemes. It has also build a great reputation for destroying small and medium business. Therefore its never greeted in any society. The main weakness of Wal-Mart has been its international operation. It struggled to create a great mark in international market especially in Germany unlike America. It has been losing money from the year it penetrated German market. It has also been found that in some cases those inferior quality products are being sold because of discounted price. As a result consumers who are not price elastic have a preference over other brands. It also bears the huge labour turnover, about 44% employees leave Wal-Mart every year according to the national survey. These were some major weakness that the firm desires to come up in near future for its survival and sustenance. A number of factors that resulted Wal-Marts failure in Germany are such as different corporate culture, political influence, stiff competition and inefficient management and marketing strategies. Firstly, David Wild CEO in 2004, believed that cultural differences between American and German consumers were considerable challenges to Wal-Mart. Debby CEO in 2006 concluded that German shoppers are accustomed to shop at small scale discount stores such as Aldi and Netto that provides a limited range of products with special offers each week and no customer service, unlike US customers. In addition to different corporate culture, the competition has become gradually more intense between Wal-Mart and domestic retailers. The price difference has so lessened that sometimes even Wal-Mart had a higher price than their competitors. Consequently, consumers had little incentive to visit Wal-Mart Germany because of no obvious price advantage. Some other factors that lead to Wal-Marts failure in Germany were, their strategy of acquiring the top competitor did not work, as the German government did its best to ensure the welfare of the domestic players. Also, due to wage restrictions, Wal-Mart could not practice wage bargaining, as it did back in U.S, this was a huge, uncommon expenditure for the company. Its American strategy of restricting employee freedom and forcing them to work extra hours, brought up problems of high labour turnover and a negative image as an employer. Wal-Mart failed to have an effective management at the top level. Its CEOs changed every year,this in an obvious way effected the companys performance. Wal-Mart constantly ignored the strictness of German laws, and was charged heavy penalties for doing so. One of the most challenging thing for Wal-Mart was capturing the market- share. As per German legislation it was illegal to sell products below cost,because of which Wal-Mart could never achieve the à ¢â‚¬ËœLow price leader tag. It is impossible to smoothly run any organization, until there is co-operation between the employees and the employer. Wal-Mart faced a severe labour unrest,which hampered its brand-image. Kay Hafner,CEO of Wal-Mart reduced the wages to cut cost, this negatively influenced individual behaviour , as an anti-union decision. As suggested by Arndt and Knorr, a firm needs to understand the specifications when indulging in global expansion.Out of all the CEOs, only David Wild has been sensitive to cultural difference.He did bring about changes based on this understanding,which had some positive results,yet not profitable enough to impress investors for future investments. Moreover,as per German legislation their were some specific retail related laws,such as, limited legal working hours (80 hours/week) which were way less than the other European countries and had strict rules governing closure on Sundays and holidays. Wal-Mart repeatedly infringement German laws but were able to do away with it mainly because of global presence and influence on the government of US which played a major role in global politics. Some of incidences where the company broke few laws and was able to get away are summed up below:- ‘unfair trade practices such as selling goods below the cost price was prohibited in Germany but Wal-Mart was found violating these laws as it randomly sold some product below cost. German law required a company to disclose it financial statements annually, Wal-Mart seldom did that and was spared without any fine or legal proceedings at number of occasions. Obligatory Deposit Regulationdings law stipulated the retailer to provide deposit-refund-system on few products like metal beverages, cans etc. But Wal-Mart never followed this law. Thus from the above incidences it can be concluded that Wal-Mart used its global influence to refrain from some of the German laws. However, because German culture is quite different from American culture and because of unfamiliarity with the legislation, it would be difficult for Wal-Mart to make marketing and promotion right. And in fact these difficulties had been proved in Wal-Mart Germany. Consequently, rather than choosing Germany as the gateway to Europe, virtually after two years of operating in Germany it had entered in U.K .Even though U.K is not in the Euro zone and its geographic location is less favorable than Germany, it has a similar culture and legal environment as U.S. which makes it easier to operate the companys business and strategies. It has considerable success in the UK market which is called by as a ‘Wal-Mart-ready market[palmer 2005] .Therefore, the lessons learned from from Germany has proven useful for U.K. In the United Kingdom, Wal-Mart operates under its distinct organizational culture ‘the Wal-Mart Way, where executives act as servants and employees are known as ‘associates. Associates are empowered to adapt to local culture and are encouraged to try out new ideas. Consequently, associate cohesiveness is strengthened, and they are willing to work hard to achieve the best results. In addition, satisfying customer needs is always placed as main goal of the company. The company aims to offer British families the things they need at affordable prices, as well as providing superior customer service and convenience. Needless to say, Wal-Mart did face challenges initially even in U.K. The British Planning Policy(PPS6) has clearly limited the construction of huge retail outlets on the outskirts of a town, which was one of its most effective strategy in the U.S According to PPS6,the local governments were required to do so until there was a call for .Wal-Mart responded to this situation by protesting the restrictive policies to the top government officials. Eventually, Wal-Mart acquired an existing retail chain ASDA, and this proved to be fruitful as it served as the best strategic fit between the companies. In the UK, ASDA was the only operator with a consistent non-food offer and Wal-Marts organisational culture had already incorporated into ASDAs management principles before the acquisition taken place. Based on the above examination of Wal-Mart, it can be concluded that Wal-Mart possessed a great influence on the US government and it used its great influence to get various tax reliefs, subsidies etc and when it entered other countries like UK, China and Germany etc, it followed the same policy to influence the government and capitalize on these relationships. Besides that there were few incidences in which the US government helped Wal-Mart in its international operations and having good relations with the foreign government which brings about the companies involvement in global politics, which is the essence of the report. However,while expanding globally Wal-Mart besides carrying all these good relationships still had to confront with the cultural, political and the other economic factors when it entered in the foreign markets because Wal-Mart to be successful only transports its domestic policy to global markets. No such one strategy or model is applicable which is appropriatefor all the markets. Consequently ,Wal-Marts US model cant be consistently applied in other countries, even in UK whose culture is very alike to that of the US. Hence, adaptation to local culture and familiarity with its legislations is a crucial step for Wal-Mart or any firm while entering to the global markets. Therefore, Firms should always make cultural and political considerations as a part of strategic planning, and locating activities in countries that possess these attributes necessary for competing in these activities of foreign entry. REFERENCES IGO Retail Analysis. (2009). â€Å"Company Summary-Introduction: Wal-Mart.† [Online] Available from: http://www.igd.com/analysis/channel/profile_detail.asp?channelid=1channelitemid=27profileid=1541 [Accessedï ¼Å¡2 November 2009] John Robin, Cox Howard, Grazia Letto-Gilles, Grimwade Nigel, Allen Michael, Finn Edward (2002), Global Business strategy. Thomson Ricker (2007) â€Å"Internationalization Theory†, http://www.studentbibliotek.se/doku.php/internationalization_theory Problems in international market, patiporn kitlertphiroj, University college of denver) Landler, M. and Barbaro, M., (2006). â€Å"Wal-Mart finds that its formula doesnt fit every culture.† The New York Times, August2.2.pp.1-3[online] Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/business/worldbusiness/02walmart.html?_r=1 Wal-Mart (n.d.): 3 Basic Belief Value,[online] Available from: http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/321.aspx [Assessed: 25 October 2009] Eurofood (1999), Wal-Mart buys Asda in UK retail shock, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DQA/is_1999_June_17/ai_55041044/ Knorr, A. And Arndt, A. (2003), â€Å"Why did Wal-Mart dail in Germany†, available at: http://www.iwim.uni-bremen.de/publikationen/pdf/w024.pdf(accessed November 3, 2009). IGD Analysis (2005): Chinese Wal-Mart chant gets louder. [online] Available from http://www.igd.com/analysis/news/index.asp?nid=2094 [Accessed online: 2 November 2009] Christopherson, S. (2007). â€Å"Barrier to ‘US style lean retailing: the case of Wal-Mart failure in Germany.† Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 4, No.7, pp.1-19 http://walmartwatch.com/blog/archives/secret_meeting_details_confirmed_wa_mart_lobbied_uk_government/ http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/4737/ http://joeg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/4/451 http://walmartwatch.com/issues/political_influence/ http://www.examiner.com/x-21521-Huntington-County-Political-Buzz-Examiner~y2009m11d28-Wal-Mart-does-again-this-time-in-Canada (http://www.themanagementor.com/kuniverse/kmailers_universe/mktg_kmailers/wal-mart.htm) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Mart) http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/WalMart-Stores-Inc-html)